Extending Self-con guration Algorithms of Energy Constraint Wireless Sensor Networks to Emergency Environment

Abstract

Wireless Sensor Networks have recently gained interest in building monitoring applications as a low cost and easy to install alternative. Some examples are smart/green buildings and emergency/rescue operations. These types of networks require that a large number of sensors be positioned easily and that they con gure themselves to perform the tasks needed without human intervention. This raises the issue of self-organization of sensor nodes. In the recent past, many researchers have investigated this topic. However, there is a lack of suitable self-organization algorithms which can be used in emer- gency monitoring applications in an indoor environment. This thesis proposes a self-organization algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks suitable for an emer- gency detection and monitoring application by considering emergency environ- ment issues. A distributed unequal clustering algorithm with a suitable node dying pat- tern for an emergency monitoring application is proposed and simulated. The proposed algorithm optimizes the energy usage of the network and prolongs the network lifetime by multi-hop communication. The simulation result shows that the proposed algorithms prolong the network lifetime while maintaining the cov- erage of the building with existing nodes in a 2D environment. EDCR-LGRUC algorithm prolong the lifetime of the network by 1000 rounds more than the EDCR algorithm. Additional, SCAE algorithm delayed and reduced the CH fail- ures compared to EDCR. Also, the communication failure occurred due to the CH failure is reduced by 10% compared to EDCR. Moreover, 500 data rounds are optimized in the proposed multi-hop algorithm compared to EDCR-MH al- gorithm. From the application point of view, the proposed algorithm is simulated in a 3D environment. The result shows that, it achieves the same outcome as in 2D environments and that the algorithm is suitable for a wireless sensor network deployed in a multi-story building.