Abstract:
In recent years, the incorporation of industrial waste materials into sustainable construction
practices has emerged as a significant area of interest. This research aims to explore the
application of fly ash and bottom ash, both commonly found industrial waste products, in
enhancing the biofouling properties of cement mortar. Biofouling, which refers to the
accumulation of marine organisms on submerged surfaces, poses a considerable challenge to
marine structures, necessitating the development of effective mitigation strategies. This study
employs a comprehensive research methodology that involves the preparation of cement mortar
samples, wherein varying proportions of fly ash and bottom ash are used as partial replacements
for the fine aggregate. To evaluate the physical properties of the mortar mixtures, various
replacement percentages in 20% intervals are tested, ranging from 0% to 100%. The assessment
is conducted following established standards (IS:4031-1998) and involves the performance of
standard tests such as consistency, initial setting time, and final setting time. These tests allow
for a comprehensive evaluation and comparison of the different mortar mixtures, providing
important insights into their overall quality and characteristics.:4031-1998). In order to
comprehensively assess the modified cement mortar, the mechanical properties were evaluated.
The compressive strength was tested using the ASTM C109/C109M standard, while the tensile
strength was measured through splitting tensile tests following ASTM C496/C496M
guidelines. To further understand the impact of biofouling on the modified mortar mixtures, 16
samples were exposed to the intertidal zone at Dikkowita fisheries harbour for three months.
Monthly visual observations and photographic documentation were methodically carried out
to monitor and document the growth and extent of biofouling on the mortar surfaces. The
findings presented in this study offer significant insights into the utilisation of fly ash and
bottom ash as additives in cement mortar to enhance its resistance against biofouling. Through
a comprehensive analysis of the physical, mechanical, and biofouling evaluations, the study
thoroughly evaluates and discusses the most effective replacement percentages for achieving
optimal biofouling resistance. This research holds valuable potential for advancing the use of
fly ash and bottom ash in cement mortar and further enhancing its performance against
biofouling. Using industrial waste materials in cement mortar is an essential practice to promote
sustainability in the construction industry while simultaneously minimising the environmental
consequences of waste disposal. The implications of our research extend further, as it holds the
potential to advance the development of biofouling-resistant cement mortar for marine
applications, thereby benefiting both the construction industry and coastal infrastructure
development. Additionally, this research offers the possibility of reducing dependence on
chemical anti-fouling treatments, thereby paving the way for even more environmentally
friendly solutions.
