Urban heat island and Indian metropolian cities –a case study of Bangalore metropolitan city

Abstract

Urbanization is not a modern phenomenon but, an accelerated growth in urban areas and urban activities is relatively new low latitude in third world countries. Urbanization in third world is characterized by increasing population in cities as well as emergence of new metropolitan cities from cities such changes in the demographic configuration have triggered the economic displacements. It is recognized as the most evident characteristics of urban climate. It has resulted in the conversion of the natural land cover (LC) into impervious surface materials such concrete, asphalt, metal and decreasing areas of parks and play grounds, water bodies causing the development of urban heat island (UHI)phenomenon . Urban areas exhibits higher air and surface temperature than rural areas landing UHI phenomenon characterization and identification of UHI are based on Land Surface Temperature (LST), which is the skin temperature of the Earth’s surface. LST has been as a primary factor for examining surface energy balance budget and accessing surface urban heat island (SUHI) effect. LST also helps in investigating risks associated with heat and susceptibility in Bangalore metropolitan cities. The rise in LST is many influenced by the energy interference between the atmosphere and Earth surface. Bangalore are particularly vulnerable to hazards such as urban heat island effect, urban floods and water scarcity because of rapid and unplanned urbanization most of which will be exacerbated by climate change. From the land use analysis show that spatial extent of tree vegetation In Bangalore is 100.02 sqkm(14.02). Bangalore has an average density of 0.15. Spatial extension of temperature shows that area unit of higher temperature increases. This study high lights the city has crossed the threshold of urbanization evident from a range of psychological, social and health impact like enhanced asthma level, respiratory infection etc. Data analysis and preventive measures are enlightened in this paper.