Analysis of energy embodied in cement produced in Sri Lanka

Abstract

Analysis of the embodied energy in cement produced in Sri Lanka was carried out considering national boundaries. National energy input to the cement manufacturing was the main focus or this study and therefore any energy involvement outside Sri Lanka was not taken in to consideration in this analysis. The total embodied energy content was analyzed in three levels. In level I. direct energy consumption in manufacturing of cement at Puttalam cement factory was analyzed and energy consumption for ancillary inputs was considered in the level 2. Energy consumption for raw material extraction and transportation with in the country was analyzed in level 3.// The direct delivered energy consumption was assessed by carrying out an energy survey at Puttalam cement factory. Then this direct energy was referred to primary energy by considering the national energy mix in electricity generation together with transmission and distribution losses in electricity distribution. power plant efficiencies. and energy consumption in refining petroleum fuels.// The total national energy requirement to produce one ton of cement in Sri Lanka was found to be 4896 MJ based on the present energy mix of electricity generation. This varies between4982 MJ/MT and 4732 MJ/MT according to the future energy mix of the electricity generation and the transmission loss reduction plan of Sri Lanka.// The outcome of this study can be used to select the best material for building construction from cement based products and in the formulation of energy conservation policies like the Building Code. In addition the outcome of the study can be used as inputs for further research relevant to energy content of materials.